1.

According to the data from surveys on adult sexual behavior in the United States, in the previous year the majority of adults had:

A)

one or no sexual partners.

B)

two to four sexual partners.

C)

five or more sexual partners.

D)

expressed dissatisfaction with their sex lives.

2.

During a lecture on human biology, Professor Sadir described the differences in genetic composition and reproductive anatomy that determine whether a person is classified as male or female. Dr. Sadir was referring to:

A)

sex.

B)

gender.

C)

sexual orientation.

D)

gender roles.

3.

A _____ is sexually attracted to individuals of the other sex and a _____ is attracted to individuals of the same sex.

A)

bisexual; heterosexual

B)

homosexual; bisexual

C)

heterosexual; homosexual

D)

homosexual; heterosexual

4.

In the United States, _____ have a more _____ view of the female gender-role stereotype than the male gender-role stereotype.

A)

females but not males; negative

B)

males but not females; negative

C)

both males and females; positive

D)

both males and females; negative

5.

Helga was ashamed and embarrassed after she got married because she started experiencing genital pain during and after intercourse. Because the problem persisted, she saw her doctor and was diagnosed with:

A)

hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

B)

female orgasmic disorder.

C)

sexual aversion disorder.

D)

dyspareunia.

6.

On tests of verbal fluency, reading comprehension, spelling, and basic writing skills:

A)

females consistently score much higher than males.

B)

males consistently score much higher than females.

C)

females score higher than males in elementary school, but lower than males in high school.

D)

there are no significant differences between males and females.

7.

Olivia states, “Boys are far superior in mathematical ability than girls.” Olivia's assertion:

A)

has been supported by numerous surveys and statistical studies.

B)

is not true because the average difference between males and females on national math tests is very small.

C)

has been supported by research on male and female brain differences.

D)

is wrong because girls consistently perform much better than boys on national math tests.

8.

Depending on how sexual orientation is defined, estimates of the prevalence rate of homosexuality in the general population range from:

A)

35 to 45 percent.

B)

1 to 21 percent.

C)

10 to 25 percent.

D)

15 to 35 percent.

9.

As the heated discussion with her husband got progressively more intense, Natalie suggested that they stop talking, take a 30-minute break to think about the issue, and then resume the discussion. Natalie is using a technique that psychologist John Gottman calls:

A)

the “penalty box.”

B)

a time out.

C)

regrouping.

D)

Plan B.

10.

The term gender is formally defined as:

A)

being a man or a woman.

B)

the behavioral manifestations of the sexual urge.

C)

the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity.

D)

the biological category of male or female as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and in reproductive anatomy and function.

11.

Whenever Julie played with toy vehicles or blocks her mother would be very disapproving. Whenever she played with dolls and domestic toys her mother would smile and praise her. As Julie grew up, she played less and less with “boys” toys and more and more with dolls, dollhouses, and domestic accessories. This description of gender-role development exemplifies:

A)

social learning theory.

B)

evolutionary theory.

C)

gender schema theory.

D)

gender identity theory.

12.

Which of the following statements about cognitive differences between males and females is FALSE?

A)

Females consistently score much higher than males on tests of verbal fluency, reading comprehension, and basic writing skills.

B)

Males outperform females on all tests of spatial skills.

C)

On average, males generally perform a little better than females on tests of advanced mathematical ability.

D)

Today, girls score just as high as boys on national tests of math skills.

13.

According to the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB), _____ of men and women have sex 4 or more times per week.

A)

only 4 percent

B)

only 15 percent

C)

close to 50 percent

D)

the vast majority

14.

Sexual dysfunctions:

A)

are more common among college-educated people than people with less education.

B)

are most common among people who frequently engage in sexual fantasies.

C)

are most common among young women and older men.

D)

tend to increase as women get older and tend to decrease as men get older.

15.

According to the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB), _____ is nearly universal as the most practiced sexual activity among heterosexual couples.

A)

celibacy

B)

oral sex

C)

anal sex

D)

vaginal intercourse

16.

In contrast to a person with a sexual dysfunction, a person who has a paraphilia:

A)

is very psychologically distressed by it.

B)

usually seeks professional help for the problem.

C)

is often not psychologically distressed by it.

D)

can be treated with hormone therapy.

17.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences human sexuality?

A)

biological factors

B)

psychological factors

C)

social and cultural factors

D)

the estrus cycle

18.

Psychologists Petersen and Hyde conducted a meta-analysis that combined the results of more than 800 previous studies that investigated whether men and women differ in their sexual attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. The research revealed that on the average:

A)

men reported greater acceptance of casual sex and more sexual partners than women.

B)

women experienced their first sexual intercourse at an earlier age than men.

C)

men reported significantly greater sexual satisfaction than women.

D)

men and women did not differ in the incidence of masturbation or oral sex.

19.

A _____ is any of several forms of nontraditional sexual behavior in which a person's sexual gratification depends on an unusual sexual experience, object, or fantasy.

A)

paraphilia

B)

vaginismus

C)

dyspareunia

D)

sexual dysfunction

20.

The human sexual response cycle was first mapped by sex-research pioneers:

A)

Bem and Lazarus.

B)

Johnson and Johnson.

C)

Masters and Johnson.

D)

Ben and Jerry.

21.

Jackie and Dan, recently married, have had to seek help from a sex therapist because Jackie experiences persistent, involuntary contractions of the vaginal muscles, which result in uncomfortable or painful intercourse. Jackie suffers from:

A)

vaginismus.

B)

dyspareunia.

C)

female orgasmic disorder.

D)

sexual aversion disorder.

22.

To his embarrassment and distress, Devin frequently reaches sexual climax much faster than he wants, often before he has intercourse with his partner. Devin's condition is referred to as:

A)

paraphilia.

B)

premature ejaculation.

C)

erectile dysfunction.

D)

male orgasmic disorder.

23.

Martina is solely attracted to other women, whereas her sister Marguerite is attracted only to men. Martina's ex-girlfriend Jodie is attracted to both men and women. Martina, Marguerite, and Jodie differ in terms of their:

A)

sexual identity.

B)

gender identity.

C)

sexual orientation.

D)

gender role.

24.

When the AIDS virus is active, it selectively attacks _____, which are a key component of the body's immune system.

A)

helper T cells

B)

cytotoxic cells

C)

B cells

D)

red blood cells

25.

Estimates of the size of the gay and lesbian population may vary depending on:

A)

how researchers structure survey questions and how survey participants were selected.

B)

where the survey is conducted.

C)

how researchers define the criteria for inclusion in gay, lesbian, or bisexual categories.

D)

All of these answers are correct.

26.

Psychologist John Gottman and his colleagues have studied how hundreds of married couples handle conflicts in their relationships. Gottman has found that during a conflict:

A)

the male is more likely to be the first to become flooded by his emotions.

B)

the female is more likely to be the first to become flooded by her emotions.

C)

flooding intensifies the male's desire to express his emotions.

D)

the female typically reacts by immediately stonewalling her partner.

27.

The textbook discusses research on the issue of gender differences in the experience and expression of emotion. In general, the research indicates that:

A)

men and women do not differ in terms of emotional expressiveness or responsiveness.

B)

contrary to the popular stereotype that women are more emotional, men are actually more emotionally expressive.

C)

across a variety of cultures, men and women differ in the types of emotions expressed.

D)

men are much more accurate than women in deciphering the emotional meaning of nonverbal cues.

28.

According to the research by Masters and Johnson, the first phase of the human sexual response cycle is _____, and the last phase is _____.

A)

plateau; resolution

B)

excitement; orgasm

C)

excitement; resolution

D)

orgasm; excitement

29.

Along with having unprotected sexual intercourse with an HIV-infected person, HIV can be transmitted:

A)

by sharing needles or syringes with an infected person.

B)

from an infected mother to her infant during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding.

C)

by sharing needles and breast-feeding.

D)

None of these answers are correct.

30.

The Focus on Neuroscience box described a study in which love-struck young adults underwent an fMRI brain scan while they looked at a photo of their beloved or at a photo of a friend. The results of this study indicated:

A)

that looking at a photo of their lover produced a marked reduction in brain activity, especially in the left hemisphere.

B)

that, when viewing a photo of their lover, females showed significant right hemisphere brain activation while males showed significant left hemisphere brain activation.

C)

that, when the participants viewed a photo of their lover, it activated some of the same brain areas that are activated by euphoria-producing drugs, such as opiates and cocaine.

D)

no significant differences, as both photos activated the same visual areas of the brain.

31.

Roland achieves sexual arousal by intentionally inflicting psychological or physical pain on another person. Connie gets sexually aroused in response to being humiliated, beaten, or otherwise made to suffer. Roland is a(n) _____ and Connie is a _____.

A)

exhibitionist; frotteurist

B)

sexual sadist; sexual masochist

C)

pedophile; voyeur

D)

sexual masochist; sexual sadist